Any unsolicited voice and data communication received without consent irrespective of its usefulness and intent can be considered as spam. Most common forms of spams are unsolicited email, text messages, phone calls and software downloads which happens at application layer. Various countries around the world including Canada had made certain legislation and laws to prevent spams referred as Canadian Anti-Spam Law (CASL). More information about CASL can be found at https://www.fightspam.gc.ca/eic/site/030.nsf/eng/home According to CASL spams can include - unauthorized alteration transmitted data which means any modification which was sent electronically should not be altered before it arrived to destined user. - the installation of computer programs without consent while providing IT support or hitchhiking with other software download and installation - false or misleading electronic representations as scam artist in form of phone call or website landing